Journal of Current Oncology and Medical Sciences

Examining the frequency of brain tumors in Porsina Hospital in Rasht based on pathological and surgical characteristics

Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 -0400

Introduction: Understanding the frequency of malignant and non-malignant brain tumors is crucial for understanding disease causes. Factors such as histological type, age of diagnosis, sex, and race are considered. Identifying risk factors such as allergy, ionizing radiation, and hereditary factors is important for prevention and early detection. Large epidemiological studies can provide a deeper understanding of this subject. Limited studies have been reported on the epidemiologic profile of brain tumors.

Materials and methods: This research was conducted on 580 patients, and all information on patients with malignant and benign brain tumors was extracted from their pathology reports, with emphasis on basic patient characteristics, such as age, gender, etc. All obtained data were statistically analyzed using software such as Excel and SPSS version 14, and the results were presented in the form of figures and tables.

Results: Gender distribution varied among different brain tumor groups and was reported as statistically significant. The frequency of malignant, benign, and uncertain or unknown behavior neoplasms was also studied by age. A significant relationship was found between age and the type of brain tumor. The frequency of different types of neoplasms according to the status of the patients showed significant differences between different brain tumor groups.

Conclusions: The highest frequency was attributed to unspecified or unknown neoplasms of the brain, followed by malignant neoplasms and benign neoplasms of the brain. The study found a statistically significant difference in age and sex among different tumor groups. Tumors were more common in women than in men, contrary to previous studies. The prevalence of surgical tumors in Rasht shows an increase.

Clinicopathological features of oral squamous cell carcinoma in patients referred to Amir al-Momenin and Velayat Hospitals in Rasht, Iran, from 2020 to 2023

Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 -0400

Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent malignancy of the oral cavity, representing approximately 90% of all oral cancers. This study was conducted to evaluate the frequency and clinicopathological characteristics of OSCC among patients referred to Amir al-Momenin and Velayat Hospitals in Rasht, Iran, from 2020 to 2023.

Materials and methods: In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, 54 medical records were selected through a census-based approach. Data collection involved extracting demographic and pathological information from surgical pathology reports, which were then analyzed using SPSS version 26. Descriptive statistics and Fisher’s exact test were employed to assess the data, with a significance level of p<0.05.

Results: The mean age of patients was 61 years, with a higher prevalence in males (59.26%) compared to females (40.74%). The tongue was the most frequent site of involvement, accounting for 53.70% of cases, followed by the lip (20.37%), pharyngeal regions (18.52%), and intraoral areas (7.41%). Regarding histological differentiation, 35.19% of cases were well-differentiated, while a significant portion of records (33.33%) lacked specific grading. Furthermore, surgical margin status was unrecorded in 51.85% of cases, though 31.48% were confirmed as tumor-free.

Conclusions: Given the significant proportion of unrecorded pathological data in our sample, this study highlights the need for more consistent and standardized documentation in future pathological reports to better support clinical decision-making.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis in cancer patients: a systematic review of clinical presentation, management, and outcomes

Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 -0400

Introduction: Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis (ICI-M) is a rare but life-threatening toxicity. This systematic review synthesizes the current evidence on the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, management strategies, and outcomes of ICI-M to guide clinical practice.

Materials and methods: We systematically searched PubMed from inception to January, 2026 for studies reporting on ICI-M in cancer patients. Data on patient demographics, clinical features, diagnostic findings, treatment, and outcomes were extracted. The risk of bias was assessed using appropriate tools.

Results: 43 studies were included. ICI-M predominantly affected older adults (median age 65-74 years) with metastatic melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, or renal cell carcinoma. The highest risk was associated with combination ICI therapy (anti-PD-1/PD-L1 + anti-CTLA-4). Clinical presentation ranged from asymptomatic biomarker elevation to fulminant heart failure, with a high frequency of concurrent myositis. Key diagnostic findings included elevated troponin (>90% of cases), ECG abnormalities, and reduced global longitudinal strain on echocardiography. Management universally involved ICI discontinuation and high-dose corticosteroids. Second-line immunosuppression (e.g., IVIG, infliximab, abatacept) was used in refractory cases. Despite treatment, mortality remained high (25-50%). Poor prognostic factors included high troponin levels, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, and conduction abnormalities.

Conclusion: ICI-M is a severe complication with high mortality. Early recognition via proactive monitoring, prompt diagnosis using a multi-modal approach, and immediate, aggressive immunosuppression are critical. Future research should focus on predictive biomarkers and randomized trials to optimize management.

Hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma and molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis

Aida Abbasi, Arefeh Zabeti Touchaei — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 -0400

Death from liver cancer spreads wide, mainly fueled by persistent hepatitis B or C infections. Not alike in origin, yet both viruses twist liver cell routines - genetically, operationally - to spark malignancy. One truth stands: differences matter, even if outcomes feel similar. HBV stores data in DNA; worms its way into human genetic code; produces HBx, a disruptor nudging cells off balance. HCV operates through RNA instead; skips integration but stirs harm anyway - endless strain inside cellular zones, oil pooling in tissue, inflammation humming nonstop. Paths cross here: both mess with core signaling lines - MAPK/ERK, PI3k/Akt, Wnt/β-catenine - and mute built-in brakes such as p53 meant to stop runaway growth. Modern fixes exist: antivirals like DAAs and nucleos(t)ide copies cut risk for hepatocellular carcinoma. Still, shadows linger - the indestructible cccDNA form of HBV, plus lingering reprogramming of gene switches fixed wrong. Fresh tracks appear: molecular scissors including CRISPR-Cas9 adjust faulty blueprints right at source. Some trials probe custom therapies shaped molecule by molecule; others trial shields trained on cancer’s own markers. Understanding deepens - not fast, not clean - with every shift in approach.

The link between malignancy and arterial thrombotic events: a systematic review across cancer types

Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 -0400

Introduction: A diagnosis of cancer is associated with an elevated risk of arterial thrombotic events (ATEs), including myocardial infarction (MI) and ischemic stroke. This systematic review synthesizes the current evidence on the epidemiology, risk factors, time-dependent risks, and outcomes of ATEs across a spectrum of malignancies to guide clinical practice and future research.

Materials and methods: We systematically searched PubMed and Science Direct from inception to January, 2026 for studies reporting on ATEs in cancer patients. Data on patient demographics, cancer types, treatment modalities, ATE outcomes, and risk estimates were extracted. The risk of bias was assessed using appropriate tools.

Results: Forty-three studies were included. The evidence demonstrates a clear association between cancer and an increased risk of ATEs (HR/OR range: 1.5-3.0). High-risk malignancies included lung, pancreatic, gastrointestinal, and brain cancers. The risk was most pronounced in the peri-diagnostic and first 6-12 months after diagnosis. Key contributing factors included advanced cancer stage, specific chemotherapies (e.g., platinum-based agents), radiotherapy, and the perioperative period. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors compounded this risk. Despite the established association, evidence for optimal prophylactic strategies is lacking.

Conclusions: Cancer confers a significant and time-dependent increased risk of ATEs, necessitating increased clinical vigilance. A proactive, multidisciplinary approach involving cardio-oncology is essential for risk stratification, aggressive management of traditional risk factors, and patient education. Future research must focus on mechanistic studies, predictive biomarker development, and randomized controlled trials to establish effective prevention and treatment strategies.

Fibroadenoma and phyllodes tumor diagnosed in contralateral breasts: a rare case report

Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 -0400

Introduction: Fibroadenomas and phyllodes tumors are fibroepithelial lesions of the breast that differ significantly in their clinical behavior, prognosis, and management. While fibroadenomas are common benign tumors in young women, phyllodes tumors are rare and can range from benign to malignant with a potential for local recurrence and distant metastasis. The coexistence of both these lesions in contralateral breasts is exceptionally rare and poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

Case presentation: We report a case of a 32-year-old premenopausal woman who presented with bilateral breast lumps, which upon excision and histopathological evaluation were confirmed to be a fibroadenoma in the right breast and a benign phyllodes tumor in the left breast.

Discussion: Though both fibroadenoma and phyllodes tumor originate from the terminal duct-lobular unit and share overlapping clinical and radiological features, they differ significantly in their natural history and management. The co-existence of these two entities in separate breasts may be incidental or suggest a common underlying stromal predisposition.

Conclusion: This report highlights the importance of careful clinical, radiological, and pathological correlation in distinguishing between these two entities and tailoring appropriate treatment strategies.